Explain what structural abnormalities are seen in people with schizophrenia. She is unable to go to the library to study as she feels everyone is looking at her and mocking her. A model that should be developed for nursing students should be simple in order to facilitate the process. 24-27 Frisch, N.C. and Frisch, L.E. In patients with OCD, the dACC acts as a hub that processes negative emotional and reinforcing information and then uses the information to direct motivated behavior. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to … However, research indicates that patients with long-standing depression are not likely candidates for nutraceutricals, which tend to be more effective in patients with milder forms of depressive illnesses. Amygdale plays the role of mediating in not only physiologic but also behavioral arousal in response to environmental stimuli. Prefrontal cortex is responsible for the regulation of responses triggered by amygdale. It should consist of peer collaboration, discussion, research and testing along with shadowing a medical professional. 7(2), pp115-122 Forsyth, A. (“Mental Health Nursing (Essay base on a Case Scenario) Essay”, n.d.), (Mental Health Nursing (Essay Base on a Case Scenario) Essay). Cytokines can directly affect neuronal activity, thus inducing neuronal excitability and plastic changes in the mood regulating areas of the brain and neuroprogression of the bipolar diathesis. Mental Health Practice. Discuss the role inflammatory cytokines play in the development and exacerbation of bipolar type 2 symptoms. Based on the observed behaviors and information from girlfriend, the APRN believes the student has schizophrenia. He uses paper towels or napkins over the knob on a door when opening it. For instance, the patient in this scenario grudgingly admits to having experienced several traumatic events during his second tour of duty, indicating alterations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of the brain. Briefly discuss the role glucocorticoids may have on the development of PTSD. He was an infantryman with a local Marine Reserve unit and served 2 tours and was honorably discharged. She has had difficulty falling asleep or stay sleeping. Journal of Mental Health. The girlfriend says that recently he began hearing voices and believes everyone is out to get him. The APRN reviews recent literature and reads that structural problems in the brain may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. The APRN suspects the patient has just experienced a panic attack. The APRN diagnoses him with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is evident that interactions that occur on every day basis must understand the complexities that are associated not only dealing with their colleagues but patients also. Any faulty in homoeostasis between noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine transporter and receptors lead to depressive and manic phases of bipolar disorders. Physical exam reveals thin, anxious disheveled male who, during conversations, stops talking, cocks his head and appears to be listening to something. There are about 100 neurotransmitters in the brain charged with carrying messages from the end of one nerve branch to the cell body of another. The exact cause of schizophrenia is unknown but a combination of genetics, environment, and altered brain chemistry and structure may play a significant role in its development. Journal of Mental Health. Explain the structural brain changes that occur in people with GAD. (1998) Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, New York: Delmar Publishers The primary pathophysiology of OCD is overly persistent and uncontrolled neural activity in SMS, possibly as a result of dopamine-serotonin imbalance. However, the individual affected might think that some other person is trying to control their brain through things such as TV or the belief that some is out to get them; confused thoughts and disorganized speech; trouble in concentrating, movement disorders. Describe the areas of the brain that are associated with social anxiety disorder. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include the highly exaggerated ideologies, perceptions, or actions that show that an individual cannot tell what is real and what is not. Explain how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system may be associated with bipolar type 2 disease. The APRN diagnoses the student with social anxiety disorder (SAD). He is short tempered and irritable and is afraid to be around people as he doesn’t want to snap at people and alienate them. Discuss the role of the amygdala in bipolar disorder. Recently, however, his mother had noticed that Li had been staying out till late at night, his schoolgrades had been falling, and he was spending more money. She states she feels restless, keyed up, and on edge most of the time. He states that his wife has had been depressed and irritable, has complaints of extreme fatigue, has lost 10 pounds and has had insomnia. They, later on, develop some form of withdrawal as they behave as if they are alarmed and depressed about certain normal conditions by experiencing their own hallucinations (Hersen, 2011). Is an honors student. The other abnormalities include neu roanatomical abnormalities before and after the onset of psychosis, leading to schizophrenia. They include sever stress, Yohimbine, CCK tetrapeptide (CCK-4), caffeine, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, and benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist FG 7142. He admits to thinking there are threats everywhere and spends an excessive amount of time searching for them but never finding any. He is worried about all the germs the boys are carrying around. The APRN reviews recent literature and reads that neurotransmitters are involved in the development of schizophrenia. This combination results in mood swings, ranging from depressive lows to manic highs, as witnessed in this patient. He admits to drinking heavily on weekends at various fraternity houses. Electrocardiogram negative for evidence of myocardial infarction and all lab data within normal limits except for mild respiratory alkalosis. Find a Case Study. Learn more about this type of research by reading the article. Discuss the role genetics plays in the development of bipolar 2 disorders. Nursing Assignment Help. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder that is characterized by absurd, recurrent, and uncontrollable thoughts that lead to anxiety, followed by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety. It puts people first and ensures they are engaged effectively in mental health system design, development and delivery." She hasn’t slept in 3 days. Nursing Assignment Help. The median age of this indigenous population is 21 years, which is much lower than the non-indigenous population at 37 years. These changes lead to brain abnormalities and start prior to the onset of clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, especially those that concern language processing. What is the current status of the use of nutraceuticals in management of depression? The bullying of nurses comes from various quarters; employers and hospital administration, managers, colleagues, patients, and patients’ families. However, increasing GABA receptor function with antagonists reduces anxiety and changes of panic disorders. Based on these behaviors, The APRN thinks the patient has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The bullying in the workplace has widespread ramifications leading to the increased rate of attrition of the employees, low quality of work, creation of poor practice in the professional environment and violation of legal-ethical norms. Worse, because the family sometimes cannot afford to cover their medical expenses, these mentally ill patients end up with no medical care at all; they are forced to suffer the debilitating symptoms of their mental illness and to be subjected to worsening mental and general health conditions. A nursing case study is a detailed study of an individual patient, which allows you to gain more information about the symptoms and the medical history of a patient and provide the proper diagnoses of the patient’s illness based on the symptoms he or she experienced and other affecting factors. The APRN refers the patient and husband to the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner for evaluation and treatment. Therefore, it is likely that OCD processes such as anxiety and depression can be reinforced by dACC modulation. The patient has suddenly become very hyperactive and has been talking incessantly, indicating changes in behavioral arousal and changes in emotions. She says she knows something “terrible is going to happen”. Describe the changes seen in the brain structure in patients with PTSD. The wife is unable to sit in the exam room and is currently pacing the hallway muttering to herself and is reluctant to talk with or be examined the ARNP. For instance, in this scenario, the patient believes that someone is out to get him, when that is not true. It is worth 20 points where each question is worth 1 point. What roles do neurotransmitters play in the development of schizophrenia? You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Past medical history noncontributory. Past medical history noncontributory except for the milder symptoms exhibited in high school. Therefore, these neurotransmitters play a key role in up-regulation or down-regulation of GAD. Cytokines are proteins involved in the regulation and orchestration of the immune response. Since his return, he has had difficulty sleeping, and says he “sleeps with one eye open” and fears sleep. Describe the role the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has in reinforcement of obsessive behaviors. You are required to submit a sufficient response of at least 2-4 sentences in length for each question. 11. This Knowledge Check reviews the topics in Module 6 and is formative in nature. No individual has all the symptoms at a time. She admits to being irritable and snapping at her coworkers which she worries will affect her job. The patient went n a spree o shopping until they run out of credit. Unemployment and low earnings are characteristic differences in the indigenous population and the non-indigenous population. However, when there is inadequate production of glucocorticoids such as cortisol, which is a stress hormone, the individuals may have problems to emotionally adapt following a traumatic event as seen in the patient in this scenario. Respite care of the hospital provides clinical, psychological and emotional assistance through caregivers for patients who require additional support. There is poor eye contact and conversation is rambling. She denies having any similar episode in the past. A 27-year-old female presents to the Emergency Room, with a chief complaint of palpitations, rapid heart rate, sweating, tremors, and inability to catch her breath. No drug or alcohol history. She states she has some chest pain that remains constant no matter what. He had always been an average student, hardworking and honest. Besides, the patient changed his behaviors and begun to drink heavily on weekends. PTSD patients show a marked decrease in the volume of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the functional ability of this region. According to the mother, this behavior has just appeared since moving. More significantly,... Colonial Heights Health care and rehabilitation center provides interdisciplinary support for the medical and physical needs of the patient with sickness and injury. (1998) Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, New York: Delmar Publishers Says she doesn’t know if anyone else in her family has had similar episodes. This is 100% legal. 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