", http://www.cbeinternational.org/resources/article/priscilla-papers/priscilla-and-plausibility, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3267699?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, http://jbq.jewishbible.org/assets/Uploads/342/342_DEBRAH.pdf, http://cbmw.org/uncategorized/the-womanliness-of-deborah/, http://www.cbeinternational.org/resources/article/feminine-voice-god?page=4, Women's History Month: Women in the Modern Mission Movement, Sign Up to Get CBE’s Academic Journal Online. Whoever authored Hebrews was a highly-educated Hellenistic Jew, trained in the art of rhetoric.4, As an accomplished rhetorician, the author of Hebrews utilized various tools of rhetoric. He is also mentioned in 1 Samuel 12:11 and Hebrews 11:32. God brought a massive rainstorm. Jabin oppressed the Israelis forcefully for twenty years. Searching for Deborah: Why Did Barak Replace Deborah In Hebrews 11:32? "But because of the course you are taking, the honor will not be yours, for the LORD will deliver Sisera into the hands of a woman." 7 Shimon Bakon, "Deborah: Judge, Prophetess and Poet," Jewish Bible Quarterly 34, no. Deborah agreed, but because of Barak's lack of faith in God, she told him credit for the victory would not go to him, but to a woman. 3 The Israelis cried out to the LORD, because of his 900 iron chariots. Tip: to find an exact phrase or title, enclose it in quotation marks. Barak hesitated, saying he would go only if Deborah went with him. From this battle that insured the land had peace for the forty years. Again when the people of Israel listened and obeyed God they were not under oppression of one of their enemies but when they moved away from God again God allowed the enemies of Israel to prevail. Gideon questioned God not once by putting out his fleece, but twice, just to be sure and no one calls him timid or weak. 4 Deborah, a woman, prophet, and wife of Lappidoth, was herself judging Israel during that time. Wouldn’t he have done better to mention the “better” judges like Othniel, Ehud and Deborah? Perhaps by implication, it was unnecessary to place Deborah's name on the list. 15 Leonard Sweet, I am a Follower of Jesus: The Way, Truth and Life of Following Jesus, (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2012), 153. 7 He was a man of great courage and had faith that God would intervene on Israel's behalf. All of my strengths—nailed to the cross. In a conversation with a friend of mine who is an Old Testament professor, we discussed the possibility that Barak was also a judge, though Scripture fails to specifically confer this title to him. The Gospel Coalition's Barbara Mouser believes it to be an act of outright disobedience.11 However, Pentecostal theologian Stanley Horton believes it to be an act of courage.12, In Judges 4:9, Deborah replies, "Because of the course of action you are taking, the honor will not be yours, for the LORD will deliver Sisera into the hands of a woman. This list, similar to 1 Samuel 12:11, is purposefully unfinished, implying that many more could be named. When Barak told Deborah he would not lead unless she accompanied him, he put faith in her instead of God. Perhaps by implication, it was unnecessary to place Deborah's name on the list.7. Barak’s hesitancy to go without Deborah wasn't cowardice but reflected a lack of faith. Contrary to most complementarian theology8, Deborah was not a punishment because male leaders failed to meet God's expectations. This list, similar to 1 Samuel 12:11, is purposefully unfinished, implying that many more could be named. 6 She sent for Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, “The LORD, the God of Israel, commands you: ‘Go, take with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun and lead the way to Mount Tabor. He knew that he needed the Lord on his side, and he recognized that Deborah had the gift of prophecy. Deborah summoned Barak, telling him God had commanded him to gather the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali and go to Mount Tabor. 4 Michael J. Cosby, "The Rhetorical Composition of Hebrews 11", Journal of Biblical Literature107/2, Society of Biblical Literature, 1988, accessed February 17, 2016,http://www.jstor.org/stable/3267699?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, 269 Hebrews 11:32. and This question stumped me. It is God who turns our weaknesses, both men and women, into strength to "conquer kingdoms" and lead in his name. We do not know why Barak is mentioned instead of Deborah in Hebrews 11. Utilize your word-study tools to examine the meaning of the following words, and list the insights you learn from the related scriptural cross-references. God used Barak's strengths, but he also knew his weaknesses. Hebrews 11 is widely known as a chapter that acclaims the men and women heroes of the faith, powerful, bold, and courageous. Despite past mistakes, preconceived ideas, or the supposed strengths of Barak or Deborah, we can learn from both leaders.

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