Egypt's boundaries also include the Sinai Peninsula. Ancient Egypt Social Structure Upon dying, power was transferred by inheritance to his firstborn son, although on various occasions it did not happen this way. Image credit: Aline Fortuna/Shutterstock.com. 10. Carved out of massive solid rock, these two temples are located in southern Egypt on the banks of Lake Nasser. Lake Nassar, the largest lake in Egypt can be observed on the map in southeastern Egypt. Egyptian pyramids and Mesopotamian ziggurats are geographic neighbors and architectural cousins, both towering structures of stones that dominate their landscape; however, these two structures meant very different things to the people who built them. Egypt has an area of 385,229 square miles (1,001,000 square kilometers). The lowest point of Egypt is the Qattara Depression at -436 ft (-133 m). Very roughly, old Cairo is the medieval part, the heart of popular Cairo, and also where the Islamic and Coptic monuments are. Ancient Egyptian culture flourished between c. 5500 BCE with the rise of technology (as evidenced in the glasswork of faience) and 30 BCE with the death of Cleopatra VII, the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt.It is famous today for the great monuments which celebrated the triumphs of the rulers and honored the gods of the land. Its topography consists mainly of desert plateau but the eastern part is cut by the Nile River valley. He was an absolute monarch , though he had to have a wide intellectual formation, and all … The 2,642 m high Mount Catherine in the Sinai Peninsula is the highest point in Egypt. As in Mesopotamia, domestic architecture in Egypt tended to be ephemeral and constructed of mud-brick or poor stone, which crumbled and disappeared over time, but the distinctive monumental architectural style of ancient Egypt, and even the kingdom’s distinct borders, are largely a product of its underlying solid geology. Egypt is located in northern Africa and shares borders with Gaza Strip, Israel, Libya, and Sudan. The desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt. Some of the most important sites of ancient Lower Egypt: Rosetta – where the Rosetta Stone was discovered. It is man-made and was created when the Aswan dam was constructed, then finished in 1970. Just as life arose from the waters of the primeval sea, so the waters of the Nile gave birth to the pharaonic kingdom. A gift to the people of Egypt, the longest river in the world flows north from the heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. Abu Simbel Temples A tourist admiring the sculptures at the Abu Simbel. Geography and Climate of Egypt . ; Leontopolis – Cult center of Lionine deities such as the goddess Sekhmet. Lower Egypt is the northern part of the country while Upper Egypt is the southern part.. Historical Sites on the Ancient Egypt Map. Its flood plain was an extensive oasis, a magnet for life -- human, plant and animal. 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